An easy way to find DML locks

The view DBA_DML_LOCKS is a convenient view to use if you want to identify locks caused by uncommited DML statements.

Consider the following simple example:

INSERT INTO FAMILY_TREE
(PERSON_ID, FULL_NAME, GENDER, CITIZENSHIP, COUNTRY_OF_RESIDENCE)
VALUES
(5, 'Arne Kåsa', 'M', 'Norwegian', 'Sweden');

-- Do not commit --

Logged in as a privileged user from another session, execute:

SELECT * FROM DBA_DML_LOCKS WHERE OWNER = 'VEGARDK';

SESSION_ID	OWNER	NAME	MODE_HELD	MODE_REQUESTED	LAST_CONVERT	BLOCKING_OTHERS
362	VEGARDK	FAMILY_TREE	Row-X (SX)	None	39	Not Blocking

COMMIT;

SELECT * FROM DBA_DML_LOCKS WHERE OWNER = 'VEGARDK';

No rows returned.

How to work around ORA-14080: partition cannot be split along the specified high bound

Problem:
My table had partitions for Jan 2014 and March 2014. Any attempt to split the overflow partition at this point will throw the error message

ORA-14080: partition cannot be split along the specified high bound

The following query shows my partitions for year 2014:

SELECT  PARTITION_NAME, 
        HIGH_VALUE,
        NUM_ROWS
FROM    DBA_TAB_PARTITIONS
WHERE   TABLE_NAME ='SALES'
AND     TABLE_OWNER = 'SCOTT'
AND     (PARTITION_NAME LIKE '%Y2014' OR PARTITION_NAME LIKE '%MAX%')
ORDER BY PARTITION_NAME;

Output:

PARTITION_NAME	HIGH_VALUE	NUM_ROWS
SALES_M01_Y2014	TO_DATE(' 2014-02-01 00:00:00', 'SYYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS', 'NLS_CALENDAR=GREGORIAN')	3936
SALES_M03_Y2014	TO_DATE(' 2014-03-01 00:00:00', 'SYYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS', 'NLS_CALENDAR=GREGORIAN')	2308
SALES_MAX	MAXVALUE	0

My solution:
Split the partition with the highest bound (March 2014) into two new ones, one that will take care of the rows for February 2014, and another one which will be empty:

SQL> 
  1  ALTER TABLE SCOTT.SALES
  2  SPLIT PARTITION SALES_M03_Y2014 AT (TO_DATE('2014-03-01', 'YYYY-MM-DD')) INTO (
  3  PARTITION SALES_M02_Y2014 TABLESPACE SCOTT_DATA,
  4* PARTITION SALES_MAX_NEW TABLESPACE SCOTT_DATA);

Table altered.

Rebuild local indexes, if any:

SQL> ALTER TABLE SCOTT.SALES MODIFY PARTITION SALES_M02_Y2014 REBUILD UNUSABLE LOCAL INDEXES;

Table altered.

Analyze the partitio, and check to make sure the that it really does contains zero rows. You can use the initial query in this post for that:

SQL> EXEC DBMS_STATS.GATHER_TABLE_STATS('SCOTT','SALES','SALES_M02_Y2014');

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

Let's execute the query above once more:

PARTITION_NAME	HIGH_VALUE	NUM_ROWS
SALES_M01_Y2014	TO_DATE(' 2014-02-01 00:00:00', 'SYYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS', 'NLS_CALENDAR=GREGORIAN')	3936
SALES_M02_Y2014	TO_DATE(' 2014-03-01 00:00:00', 'SYYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS', 'NLS_CALENDAR=GREGORIAN')	2308
SALES_MAX	MAXVALUE	0
SALES_MAX_NEW	TO_DATE(' 2014-04-01 00:00:00', 'SYYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS', 'NLS_CALENDAR=GREGORIAN')	0

Drop the temporary partition:

SQL> ALTER TABLE SCOTT.SALES DROP PARTITION SALES_MAX_NEW;

Table altered.

We now have:

PARTITION_NAME	HIGH_VALUE	NUM_ROWS
SALES_M01_Y2014	TO_DATE(' 2014-02-01 00:00:00', 'SYYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS', 'NLS_CALENDAR=GREGORIAN')	3936
SALES_M02_Y2014	TO_DATE(' 2014-03-01 00:00:00', 'SYYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS', 'NLS_CALENDAR=GREGORIAN')	2308
SALES_MAX	MAXVALUE	0

ORA-39726: unsupported add/drop column operation on compressed tables when attempting to drop column on a (previously) compressed table

My customer had a partitioned table that was previously compressed with FOR ALL OPERATIONS options.
One of the developers wanted to drop a columnn on a table, but receives the following error message:

ORA-39726: unsupported add/drop column operation on compressed tables

According to Oracle, this is expected behaviour. Oracle Support note 1068820.1 "Error ORA-39726 Drop Column Operation On Compressed Tables 10.2 Release" explains:

"In release 10g, a drop column attempt on a compressed table must raise an ORA-39726 error if the column has to be physically removed from the data blocks.
Hence "DROP COLUMN" and "DROP COLUMN UNUSED" are both illegal because they may have to touch the datablocks. SET UNUSED is OK because it is just a data
dictionary operation (as is DROP COLUMN on virtual columns)."

The Oracle support note concludes:

"In 11g it is allowed to drop columns from a compressed table IF compatible is set to 11.1 or higher AND table was created with the "compress for all OLTP" option but even in this situation there is no real drop but internally the database sets the column UNUSED to avoid long-running decompression and recompression operations."

My database unfortunately has compatible set to 11.0. So the only option at this point is to use the syntax

ALTER TABLE owner.table_name SET UNUSED COLUMN column_name;

This will render the column as good as dropped, another column can be added to the table with the same name.
The number of unused columns for a table can be tracked with

SELECT *
FROM USER_UNUSED_COL_TABS
WHERE TABLE_NAME='table_name';

Working with TIME ZONE information

To view the time zone settings for the database and your session:

SELECT DBTIMEZONE, SESSIONTIMEZONE
FROM DUAL;

DBTIMEZONE	SESSIONTIMEZONE
+01:00	Europe/Zurich

Some other useful functions:

SYSTIMESTAMP --> Returns system date including fractional seconds, datatype TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE.

LOCALTIMESTAMP --> Returns the user session's local timestamp, datatype TIMESTAMP

CURRENT_TIMESTAMP --> Returns datatype TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE, in the local time zone set for the session

CURRENT_DATE --> Returns datatype DATE, in the local time zone set for the session

SELECT  SYSTIMESTAMP,
        LOCALTIMESTAMP,
        CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
        CURRENT_DATE
FROM DUAL;

SYSTIMESTAMP	LOCALTIMESTAMP	CURRENT_TIMESTAMP	CURRENT_DATE
10.02.2014 09:17:00.301998 +01:00	10.02.2014 09:17:00.302006	10.02.2014 09:17:00.302006 +01:00	10.02.2014 09:17:00

Some conversion functions:

FROM_TZ

-- converts a TIMESTAMP to TIMESTAMP WITH TIMEZONE

SELECT LOCALTIMESTAMP, FROM_TZ(LOCALTIMESTAMP, '+01:00' ) FROM DUAL

LOCALTIMESTAMP                 FROM_TZ(LOCALTIMESTAMP,'+01:00')
------------------------------ ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
18.03.14 09:23:40.032126       18.03.14 09:23:40.032126 +01:00

-- or alternatively, look up the timezone used in your session
-- and use this in a subquery 
SELECT LOCALTIMESTAMP, 
       FROM_TZ(LOCALTIMESTAMP, SELECT SESSIONTIMEZONE FROM DUAL) ) "Converted to TSTZ"
FROM DUAL;

LOCALTIMESTAMP                 Converted to TSTZ
------------------------------ ----------------------------------------
18.03.14 09:28:39.470322       18.03.14 09:28:39.470322 +01:00

TO_TIMESTAMP_TZ

--converts a string to a TIMESTAMP WITH TIMEZONE datatype
SELECT TO_TIMESTAMP_TZ('03.02.1973 16:00:00', 'DD.MM.YYYY HH24:MI:SS') 
FROM DUAL;

TO_TIMESTAMP_TZ('03.02.197316:00:00','DD.MM.YYYYHH24:MI:SS')
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
03.02.73 16:00:00.000000000 +01:00

TO_TIMESTAMP

--converts a string to a TIMESTAMP datatype
SELECT TO_TIMESTAMP('03.02.1973 16:00:00:123456','DD.MM.YYYY HH24:MI:SS:FF') 
FROM DUAL;

TO_TIMESTAMP('03.02.197316:00:00:123456','DD.MM.YYYYHH24:MI:SS:FF')
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
03.02.73 16:00:00.123456000

CAST
Cast can be used for a variety of conversions. It takes an expression as its first parameter, and returns an instance of the datatype you are converting to.
It is useful to convert strings representing dates or times, into proper datetime formats.

-- to convert a string into a TIMESTAMP WITH LOCAL TIME ZONE, use CAST
SELECT CAST('03-FEB-11'
       AS TIMESTAMP WITH LOCAL TIME ZONE) "String to TWLTZ"
FROM DUAL;

String to TWLTZ
----------------------------
03.02.11 00:00:00.000000

For a string with more precision, use TO_TIMESTAMP to convert to a timestamp first:

SELECT CAST(
            TO_TIMESTAMP('03.02.1973 16:05:00','DD.MM.YYYY HH24:MI:SS')
            AS TIMESTAMP WITH LOCAL TIME ZONE
           ) "TS to TSWLTZ"
FROM DUAL;

TS to TSWLTZ
-----------------------------
03.02.73 16:05:00.000000

EXTRACT
Extracts the value indicated by the constant immediately following the opening parenthesis, from a valid timestamp expression.
Note that EXTRACT requires a timestamp expression as an argument.
Its return type is character if you extract TIMEZONE_REGION or TIMEZONE_ABBR, but numeric for all other.

SELECT  EXTRACT(MINUTE FROM LOCALTIMESTAMP),
        EXTRACT(YEAR   FROM LOCALTIMESTAMP),
        EXTRACT(MONTH  FROM LOCALTIMESTAMP),
        EXTRACT(DAY    FROM LOCALTIMESTAMP),
        EXTRACT(HOUR   FROM LOCALTIMESTAMP),
        EXTRACT(SECOND FROM LOCALTIMESTAMP)
FROM DUAL;

EXTRACT(MINUTEFROMLOCALTIMESTAMP)	EXTRACT(YEARFROMLOCALTIMESTAMP)	EXTRACT(MONTHFROMLOCALTIMESTAMP)	EXTRACT(DAYFROMLOCALTIMESTAMP)	EXTRACT(HOURFROMLOCALTIMESTAMP)	EXTRACT(SECONDFROMLOCALTIMESTAMP)
3	2014	2	10	10	24.256402

Using the SYSTIMESTAMP, which includes TIME ZONE, in the EXTRACT function:

SELECT  EXTRACT(TIMEZONE_HOUR FROM SYSTIMESTAMP)   "TZ_HOUR",
        EXTRACT(TIMEZONE_MINUTE FROM SYSTIMESTAMP) "TZ_MINUTE"
FROM DUAL;

TZ_HOUR	TZ_MINUTE
1	0

SYS_EXTRACT_UTC
Extract the universal time (UTC) based on a timestamp that contains time zone information:

SELECT SYS_EXTRACT_UTC(SYSTIMESTAMP)
FROM DUAL;

SYS_EXTRACT_UTC(SYSTIMESTAMP)
10.02.2014 09:49:37.390230

AT TIME
Converts a datetime value to another time zone. AT TIME can convert TIMESTAMP, TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE and TIMESTAMP WITH LOCAL TIME ZONE.
But, take care, NOT the DATE datatype!
Note that the parenthesis are not required, but it makes the function more readable:

SELECT (LOCALTIMESTAMP) AT TIME ZONE DBTIMEZONE "DB time"
FROM DUAL;

DB time
10.02.2014 10:59:45.901974 +01:00

Or, using a named time zone region:

SELECT (CURRENT_TIMESTAMP) AT TIME ZONE 'Europe/Moscow' "Moscow Time"
FROM DUAL;

Moscow Time
10.02.2014 13:14:06.632136 +03:00

Specifying an offset from UTC:

SELECT (CURRENT_TIMESTAMP) AT TIME ZONE '-5:00' "New York Time"
FROM DUAL;

New York Time
10.02.2014 05:15:51.388302 -05:00

Use a TIMESTAMP value instead of TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE:

SELECT (LOCALTIMESTAMP) AT TIME ZONE 'America/Los_Angeles' "LA Time"
FROM DUAL;

LA Time
10.02.2014 02:19:39.958949 -08:00

AT LOCAL
Convert the source data into the local time equivalent:

SELECT 
        FROM_TZ(
                TO_TIMESTAMP('10.02.2014 02:21:06.938886', 'DD.MM.YYYY HH24:MI:SS:FF')
               ,'US/Hawaii') 
        AT LOCAL "Hawaiian to Local Time"
FROM DUAL;

Hawaiian to Local Time
10.02.2014 13:21:06.938886000 +01:00

Without the AT LOCAL function, you would of course get the timestamp in the time zone specified

SELECT  FROM_TZ(
                TO_TIMESTAMP('10.02.2014 02:21:06.938886', 'DD.MM.YYYY HH24:MI:SS:FF')
               ,'US/Hawaii') "Hawaiian time"
FROM DUAL;

Hawaiian time
10.02.2014 02:21:06.938886000 -10:00

Which privileges are needed to execute DBMS_REDEFINITION package?

Execute privileges on the DBMS_REDEFINITION package are granted to EXECUTE_CATALOG_ROLE.

In addition to having execute privileges on this package, you must be granted the following privileges:

CREATE ANY TABLE

ALTER ANY TABLE

DROP ANY TABLE

LOCK ANY TABLE

SELECT ANY TABLE

In addition, the following privileges are required to execute COPY_TABLE_DEPENDENTS procedure:

CREATE ANY TRIGGER

CREATE ANY INDEX

Source: Oracle Documentation

How to rename a partition

ALTER TABLE SCOTT.EMPLOYEES
RENAME PARTITION START_DATE_FEBRUARY_2014 
TO
START_DATE_FEB_2014;

How to group output using GROUPING SETS.

Following up with the table from my previous post "How to use the MERGE statement with a subquery", here is an example on how to group the information using the GROUPING SETS functionality in SQL:

The query

SELECT MAJOR,COURSE,TEACHER,SUM(CREDITS) "Total Credits"
FROM  COURSE_CATALOG
GROUP BY GROUPING SETS( (MAJOR,COURSE,TEACHER),(COURSE,TEACHER), (MAJOR,TEACHER),NULL );

The NULL directive tells SQL to generate a grand total at the end of the grouping.
Notice how the GROUPING SETS translates directly into the equivalent of grouping the rows three separate times

First by using

GROUP BY MAJOR, COURSE, TEACHER

then by using

GROUP BY COURSE,TEACHER

and finally by using

GROUP BY MAJOR, TEACHER

MAJOR	COURSE	TEACHER	Total Credits
English Literature	Ex. Phil	A.Peterson	8
Nuclear Science	Physics A	Goodman	8
Nuclear Science	Physics A	A. Brown	8
Nuclear Science	Physics A	R. Franklin	8
Nuclear Science	Mathematics A	M. Stevens	8
English Literature	Greek Mythology	D.Simmons	10
Nuclear Science	Advanced Algebra	K.Wise	10
English Literature	Early British Lit	A.Peterson	8
	Ex. Phil	A.Peterson	8
	Physics A	Goodman	8
	Physics A	A. Brown	8
	Physics A	R. Franklin	8
	Mathematics A	M. Stevens	8
	Greek Mythology	D.Simmons	10
	Advanced Algebra	K.Wise	10
	Early British Lit	A.Peterson	8
Nuclear Science		M. Stevens	8
Nuclear Science		A. Brown	8
English Literature		D.Simmons	10
Nuclear Science		Goodman	8
Nuclear Science		R. Franklin	8
Nuclear Science		K.Wise	10
English Literature		A.Peterson	16
			68