How to find when a PostgreSQL table was last vacuumed

SELECT
schemaname,
relname,
last_vacuum,
last_autovacuum,
last_analyze,
last_autoanalyze
FROM pg_stat_user_tables
WHERE relname = 'documents';
   schemaname   | relname  | last_vacuum |        last_autovacuum        |         last_analyze          |       last_autoanalyze
----------------+----------+-------------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+-------------------------------
 scott          | documents|             | 2025-06-25 02:05:20.692869+02 | 2025-07-12 22:04:05.119051+02 | 2025-06-17 08:41:12.567351+02
(1 row)

Explanation of columns:

last_vacuum: Last manual vacuum.

last_autovacuum: Last automatic vacuum.

last_analyze: Last manual analyze.

last_autoanalyze: Last automatic analyze.

What does ANALYZE do in PostgreSQL?

ANALYZE collects statistics about the contents of a table (or all tables), such as:

Number of rows

Distribution of values

Most common values

Histogram of value ranges

Null fractions These statistics are stored in pg_statistic and are used by the query planner to make decisions (e.g., which index to use, join strategies, etc.).

Syntax to run ANALYZE

Analyze the entire database (all tables in all schemas):

ANALYZE;

Analyze a specific table:

ANALYZE my_table;

Analyze specific columns only:

ANALYZE my_table (column1, column2);