How to check for existence of multiple files in a shell script

# check for installation files existence
if  [ ! -f /tmp/file1 -a -f /tmp/file2 -a -f /tmp/file3 ]
then
echo "Some of the files file1, file2 or file3 are missing from /tmp "
exit 1
fi

How to list all nfs mountpoints

findmnt -t nfs

TARGET SOURCE                                               FSTYPE OPTIONS
/u01   pzl2ora1:/Oracle/software/pzh0oric/u01 nfs    rw,nodiratime,relatime,vers=3,rsize=65536,wsize=65536,namlen=255,acregmin=300,acregmax=300,acdirmin=300,ac
/u02   pzl2ora1:/Oracle/pzh0oric/u02          nfs    rw,nodiratime,relatime,vers=3,rsize=65536,wsize=65536,namlen=255,acregmin=300,acregmax=300,acdirmin=300,ac
/u03   pzl2ora1:/Oracle/pzh0oric/u03          nfs    rw,nodiratime,relatime,vers=3,rsize=65536,wsize=65536,namlen=255,acregmin=300,acregmax=300,acdirmin=300,ac
/u04   pzl2ora1:/Oracle/pzh0oric/u04          nfs    rw,nodiratime,relatime,vers=3,rsize=65536,wsize=65536,namlen=255,acregmin=300,acregmax=300,acdirmin=300,ac

How to solve ORA-01187: cannot read from file because it failed verification tests

After a successful clone, alert log reports:

022-06-30T04:04:17.542368+02:00
Errors in file /orainst/oracle/diag/rdbms/testdb01/testdb01/trace/testdb01_dbw0_130154.trc:
ORA-01186: file 201 failed verification tests
ORA-01122: database file 201 failed verification check
ORA-01110: data file 201: '/data/oradata/testdb01/temp01.dbf'
ORA-01203: wrong incarnation of this file - wrong creation SCN
File 201 not verified due to error ORA-01122

Any operation you try against the database will give the following error stack in return:

ORA-01187: cannot read from file  because it failed verification tests
ORA-01110: data file 201: '/data/oradata/testdb01/temp01.dbf'
ORA-06512: at "SYS.DBMS_LOB", line 741
ORA-06512: at "SYS.DBMS_DATAPUMP", line 5420
ORA-06512: at line 1

Check tempfile situation:

SYS@testdb01>SQL>select ts#,status,enabled, name from v$tempfile;

       TS# STATUS  ENABLED    NAME
---------- ------- ---------- ---------------------------------
         3 ONLINE  READ WRITE /data/oradata/testdb01/temp01.dbf
         3 ONLINE  READ WRITE /data/oradata/testdb01/temp02.dbf

A query against dba_temp_files however, will give an error:

SYS@testdb01>SQL>SELECT tablespace_name, file_name  FROM dba_temp_files WHERE tablespace_name = 'TEMP';
SELECT tablespace_name, file_name  FROM dba_temp_files WHERE tablespace_name = 'TEMP'
                                        *
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01187: cannot read from file  because it failed verification tests
ORA-01110: data file 201: '/data/oradata/testdb01/temp01.dbf'

Is the temporary tablespace database default?

SYS@testdb01>SQL>
col property_value format a30
SELECT PROPERTY_VALUE   
FROM DATABASE_PROPERTIES 
WHERE PROPERTY_NAME = 'DEFAULT_TEMP_TABLESPACE';

PROPERTY_VALUE
-----------------------
TEMP

Yes it is, so we cannot drop it, but will have to add new files and drop the old ones

Add new tempfile:

SYS@testdb01>SQL>ALTER TABLESPACE temp ADD TEMPFILE '/data/oradata/testdb01/temp.dbf' size 256M;

Tablespace altered.

Drop the old ones:

SYS@testdb01>SQL>ALTER DATABASE TEMPFILE '/data/oradata/testdb01/temp01.dbf' DROP INCLUDING DATAFILES;

Database altered.

SYS@testdb01>SQL>ALTER DATABASE TEMPFILE '/data/oradata/testdb01/temp02.dbf' DROP INCLUDING DATAFILES;

Database altered.

Both of the old datafiles are now gone from the data dictionary:

SYS@pserser4>SQL>
set lines 200
col tablespace_name format a20
col file_name format a50
SELECT tablespace_name, file_name  FROM dba_temp_files WHERE tablespace_name = 'TEMP';

TABLESPACE_NAME         FILE_NAME
---------------------   --------------------------------------
TEMP                    /data/oradata/testdb01/temp.dbf

Note that the old tempfiles are still on disk:

SYS@testdb01>SQL>!ls -la /data/oradata/testdb01/temp01.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle dba 114302976 Jun 30 04:04 /data/oradata/testdb01/temp01.dbf

If you want to add the old datafiles back to your temp tablespace you can do this with the REUSE keyword:

SYS@testdb01>SQL>ALTER TABLESPACE temp ADD TEMPFILE '/data/oradata/testdb01/temp01.dbf' size 256M reuse;

Tablespace altered.

In my case, the other tempfile /data/oradata/testdb01/temp02.dbf, was not present physically on disk.
The alert log confirms this:

2022-06-30T04:04:18.302852+02:00
Errors in file /data/oracle/diag/rdbms/testdb01/testdb01/trace/testdb01_dbw0_130154.trc:
ORA-01157: cannot identify/lock data file 202 - see DBWR trace file
ORA-01110: data file 202: '/data/oradata/testdb01/temp02.dbf'
ORA-17503: ksfdopn:4 Failed to open file /data/oradata/testdb01/temp02.dbf
ORA-17500: ODM err:File does not exist

ORA-01017: incorrect username/password, login denied when using a wallet

If you find yourself in the situation where you cannot make a connection using your wallet because of the error

ORA-01017: incorrect username/password, login denied when using a wallet

It might be worth checking that the user you have created an entry in your wallet for, also is granted the sysdba role.
Example:
I want to use a database user called "dbamaster" to performa a clone from active database over the network.
Since I do not wish to reveal the password of the "dbamaster" user, I add the user to a wallet, and then use the notation

connect target /@proddb
connect auxiliary /@testdb

to connect.

Listing the content of the wallet shows that everything is in order:

mkstore -wrl $TNS_ADMIN/wallet -listCredential
Oracle Secret Store Tool Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production
Version 19.4.0.0.0
Copyright (c) 2004, 2021, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Enter wallet password:
List credential (index: connect_string username)
2: testdb dbamaster
1: proddb dbamaster

You can connect successfully to both databases using the "dbamaster" user, using TNS:

-- From auxiliary to target
sqlplus dbamaster@proddb

SQL*Plus: Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production on Wed Jun 29 20:03:09 2022
Version 19.15.0.0.0

Copyright (c) 1982, 2022, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Enter password:

Koblet til:
Oracle Database 19c Enterprise Edition Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production
Version 19.15.0.0.0

DBAMASTER@proddb>

-- From target to auxiliary
sqlplus dbamaster@testdb

SQL*Plus: Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production on Wed Jun 29 20:43:43 2022
Version 19.15.0.0.0

Copyright (c) 1982, 2022, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Enter password:

Connected to:
Oracle Database 19c Enterprise Edition Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production
Version 19.15.0.0.0

DBAMASTER@testdb SQL>

Everything seems in order, but incorrect password nevertheless.

Check the v$pwfile_users view, which holds the current users that have sysdba privilege:

col account_status format a20
col username format a20
col password_profile format a20
select username,sysdba,sysoper,account_Status,password_profile from v$pwfile_users;

USERNAME             SYSDB SYSOP ACCOUNT_STATUS       PASSWORD_PROFILE
-------------------- ----- ----- -------------------- --------------------
SYS                  TRUE  TRUE  OPEN                 NOEXP

In this case user "dbamaster" was missing.

Add it:

grant sysdba to dbamaster;

Check the list of sysdbas again. You should now have two entries there:

 select username,sysdba,sysoper,account_Status,password_profile from v$pwfile_users;

USERNAME             SYSDB SYSOP ACCOUNT_STATUS       PASSWORD_PROFILE
-------------------- ----- ----- -------------------- --------------------
SYS                  TRUE  TRUE  OPEN                 NOEXP
DBAMASTER            TRUE  FALSE OPEN                 NOEXP

Your connections should now work:

RMAN> connect target /@proddb

connected to target database: proddb (DBID=253631174)

RMAN> connect auxiliary /@testdb

connected to auxiliary database: TESTDB (DBID=296823958)

List parameters in a container database

To see the list of parameters in a container database, use can use the following query.

select name,value,display_value, default_value,isdefault,
    case 
     when issys_modifiable = 'FALSE'     then  'Change must go to spfile. Restart of cdb required'
     when issys_modifiable = 'IMMEDIATE' then  'Current sessions will pick up new value.'
     when issys_modifiable = 'DEFERRED'   then 'Future sessions will pick up the new value'
     else issys_modifiable
    end "issys_modifiable",
     case 
     when ispdb_modifiable = 'TRUE' then 'Parameter can be set in PDB'
     when ispdb_modifiable = 'FALSE' then 'Parameter cannot be set in PDB'
    end "ispdb_modifiable" 
    from v$system_parameter; 

Example output shows that the parameters can be set at different levels in your multitenant database structure

NAME	VALUE	DISPLAY_VALUE	DEFAULT_VALUE	ISDEFAULT	issys_modifiable	ispdb_modifiable
sga_max_size	8287944704	7904M	0	TRUE	Change must go to spfile. Restart of cdb required	Parameter cannot be set in PDB
shared_pool_size	671088640	640M	134217728	FALSE	Current sessions will pick up new value.	Parameter can be set in PDB
sga_target	8287944704	7904M	0	FALSE	Current sessions will pick up new value.	Parameter can be set in PDB
sort_area_size	65536	65536	65536	TRUE	Future sessions will pick up the new value	Parameter can be set in PDB

* Some parameters may only be written to the spfile and the CDB instance must be restarted.
* Other parameters may be set in the CDB and will be picked up in the individual PDBs, either affecting current sessions or future sessions only
* Some parameters may be set in each PDB, regardless of the CDB parameter value for the same parameter is set to


"Listing the Modifiable Initialization Parameters in PDBs Oracle 19c" is documented here

The v$system_parameter view in Oracle 19c is documented here

What is the difference between mkstore and orapki?

The difference is mainly that the orapki tool is dealing with certificates rather than the wallet itself. The mkstore is more of a tool for administrating privileged users and their passwords, so that you can set up connections without exposing their passwords in your scripts.

Can both of these tools be used to manage my wallets?
Yes.
From MOS Doc ID 2044185.1 "What is an Oracle Wallet?":

If you configure TDE the database creates the wallet for you when you issue the ALTER SYSTEM command to initialize TDE, the other tools to create and inspect wallets are Oracle Wallet Manager (owm) which is a GUI tool, then we also have command line tools orapki to setup certificates and mkstore more suited to store so called secret store entries like the above mentioned user credentials, often the tools can be used interchangeably, for example if you create a wallet for TDE using the database with SQL you can inspect the contents later using mkstore etc.

What exactly is the orapki tool?

From the latest Oracle documentation:
The orapki utility manages public key infrastructure (PKI) elements, such as wallets and certificate revocation lists, from the command line.

What exactly is the mkstore tool?

From the latest Oracle Documentation:
The mkstore command-line utility manages credentials from an external password store.

What exactly is a wallet?

A wallet is a password-protected container that is used to store authentication and signing credentials, including private keys, certificates, and trusted certificates needed by SSL.
It can be stored directly on the server, wherever suits the DBA. The path must be pointed out in the client's sqlnet.ora file, using the directive WALLET_LOCATION

For an example on how to set up a wallet, see this post

How to solve ORA-17628: Oracle error 1031 returned by remote Oracle server ORA-01031: insufficient privileges when cloning a non-cdb oracle instance to a PDB

When attempting to clone my database testdb01, a normal, non-cdb database, into a CDB and convert it to a PDB, I hit a permission error. I found the solution on Oracle Supports web site, Doc ID 2485839.1.

Prior to this error, I had set up a database link in my CDB:

SYS@cdb>SQL>create database link noncdb connect to system identified by mypassword using 'testdb01.mydomain.no';

I tested the database link, worked fine:

SYS@cdb>SQL>select host_name from v$instance@noncdb;

HOST_NAME
--------------------------------------------------
mynoncdbserver.mydomain.no

I tried to create the pluggable database, using the appropriate file destination paths already created:

create pluggable database testdb01 
from non$cdb@noncdb 
file_name_convert=('/data1/oradata/testdb01/','/data1/oradata/cdb/testdb01/', 
                   '/data2/oradata/testdb01/', '/data2/oradata/cdb/testdb01/');

Errors out:

ORA-17628: Oracle error 1031 returned by remote Oracle server
ORA-01031: insufficient privileges

To solve the error, simply logon to your non-cdb database as a sysdba user and grant the privilege "create pluggable database" to the user you're using for copying (in my case, SYSTEM):

grant create pluggable database to system;

Try the create pluggable database command again, and it succeeds.