PostgreSQL does not support Global Indexes, i.e indexes that spans all partitions in a partitioned table.
The documentation states:
Although all partitions must have the same columns as their partitioned parent, partitions may have their own indexes,
constraints and default values, distinct from those of other partitions.
and
Create an index on the key column(s), as well as any other indexes you might want, on the partitioned table.
...
This automatically creates a matching index on each partition, and any partitions you create or attach later will also have such an index.
An index or unique constraint declared on a partitioned table is “virtual” in the same way that the partitioned table is: the actual data is in child indexes on the individual partition tables.
A proposal to add such feature seem to have been suggested back in 2019, but currently no implementation exists.
I also found this comparison between Oracle and PostgreSQL that elaborates on the topic a bit more.
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